The effect of education given to type 2 diabetic individuals on diabetes self-management and self-efficacy: Randomized controlled trial

AimThis study used a randomized controlled trial design and was carried out to examine the effect of education on diabetes self-management and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study was carried out between July 2016–March 2017. Data were collected using information form, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), self-efficacy scale for patients with type 2 diabetes (DSS).The individuals in the experimental group were given education. Both groups were reminded about the control time of their metabolic values on the phone in the 3rd and 6th months.ResultsThe average age of the individuals was 59.91 ± 8.93 (n = 78), 62.8% (n = 49) were female, 92.3% (n = 72), were married, 42.3% (n = 33) were high school graduates and their diabetes duration was 7.05 ± 3.9. There was a statistically significant difference in the 6th month metabolic values in the experimental group compared to the control group. When diabetes self-management and self-efficacy were examined, a statistically significant difference was found in the experimental group compared to the control group at 3rd and 6th months (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).ConclusionIn this study, a significant increase in diabetes self-management and self-efficacy and a significant decrease in metabolic values were observed as a result of education and phone reminders given to individuals with type 2 diabetes.     

下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在提高卵圆孔未闭检出率中的对比研究

目的 探讨下腔静脉加压法与Valsalva动作在经食道超声心动图(Transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)对卵圆孔未闭(Patent foramen ovale,PFO)检出率中的差异。方法 回顾性分析手术证实的PFO患者114例,包括对比增强经颅多普勒超声(Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler ultrasonography,c-TCD)少量右向左分流(Right-to-left shunt,RLS)(n=51)组、中量RLS(n=37)组、大量RLS(n=26)组,记录常规TEE超声、Valsalva动作配合下TEE检查、PFO封堵术前无痛TEE下下腔静脉加压检测,分析3组房间隔右向左一过性分流信号发生率的不同和其它临床因素在3组间的差异。结果 3组身体质量指数(Body mass index,BMI)、高血压病、高脂血症及冠心病的比例无明显差异(P>0.05); 大量RLS组患者年龄明显小于少量RLS及中量RLS组(P<0.05)。少量RLS及中量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后较常规TEE下PFO的显示率均有提高(P<0.01); 大量RLS组患者Valsalva动作和下腔静脉加压后PFO显示率改变不明显(P>0.05)。结论 大量RLS患者较少量及中量RLS患者的年龄小,更容易早期出现临床症状; 下腔静脉加压法可以替代Valsalva动作提高TEE超声对PFO的检出率。     

Chinese herbal injections combined with rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Background:Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important factor leading to adult death and disability globally. For AIS patients who meet certain conditions, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis is an important method recommended by national guidelines to achieve vascular recanalization. However, complications such as hemorrhagic transformation and vascular reocclusion after thrombolysis are still unsolved problems in clinical. Several systematic reviews of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the past have shown that Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) can improve the neurological function of patients, increase the tolerance of ischemic tissues to hypoxia, and inhibit platelet aggregation. Therefore, this study conducted a meta-analysis of AIS treatment with intravenous thrombolysis alone and compared it with the combined application of CHIs. To evaluate whether CHIs have a synergistic effect on thrombolytic therapy and provide a basis for clinical application.Methods:The following databases will be searched until September 2020: ①English databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase; ②Chinese databases: CNKI, Wanfang database, Weipu database, SinoMed. RCTs will be included to compare the efficacy of thrombolysis combined with CHIs and thrombolysis alone in the treatment of AIS. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be carried out by 2 verifiers independently. The risk of bias will be evaluated through the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Review Manager software 5.3 will be used for statistical analysis.Results:This study will provide comprehensive evidence for the treatment of AIS by CHIs combined with intravenous thrombolysis from multiple aspects.Conclusion:The conclusion of the meta-analysis will provide a basis for judging whether CHIs combined with intravenous thrombolysis is an effective measure for the treatment of AIS.Ethics and dissemination:Ethical approval is not needed because this study will be based on data that already published. We will publish the findings of this study in a peer-reviewed journal and related conferences.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020215546.     

The efficacy and safety of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Chronic non-atrophic gastritis is the most common type of chronic gastritis. Even if treated with current standard pharmacotherapy, the efficacy is not very satisfactory due to many factors. Traditional Chinese Medicine decoctions are increasingly used in the treatment of chronic gastritis, and many studies have shown that Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis. However, it is controversy if Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction can provide an evidence-based clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis.Methods:We will go through 8 databases, and conduct a systematic review of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction and health-related outcomes in chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The primary objective is to assess the impact of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines on clinical outcomes relevant to chronic non-atrophic gastritis patients, such as clinical effective rate,Helicobacter pylori eradication rate, efficacy under endoscopy, 1-year recurrent rate, and number of reported adverse events. Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool will be used to assess the quality of eligible studies according to the Cochrane handbook.Results:The results of this systematic review will provide a synthesis of current evidence of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction and we have a specific opportunity to determine the efficacy and safety of it.Conclusion:This study will explore whether or not Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction can be used as one of the complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic non-atrophic gastritis.Registration number:Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/TX27U (https://osf.io/tx27u/).     

Cardio-oncology: Capecitabine Can Sometimes be Heatbreaking Capecitabine-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Case Report and Literature Review

Capecitabine has been more recognized for its cardiotoxicity with an incidence that varies widely. It demonstrates its toxicity in the forms of acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmias and, to a lesser extent, cardiomyopathy. There are several proposed theories including coronary vasospasm, endothelial injury, and oxidative stress. We present a case of capecitabine-induced cardiomyopathy in a patient with pancreatic cancer and mild coronary artery disease, and shed light on other cardio-toxic agents, their proposed mechanism of cardiotoxicity, and on cardiomyopathy in general.     

SALAD‐BAAR: A numerical risk score for hospital admission or emergency department presentation in ambulatory patients with cardiovascular disease

BackgroundWhile many interventions to reduce hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits for patients with cardiovascular disease have been developed, identifying ambulatory cardiac patients at high risk for admission can be challenging.HypothesisA computational model based on readily accessible clinical data can identify patients at risk for admission.MethodsElectronic health record (EHR) data from a tertiary referral center were used to generate decision tree and logistic regression models. International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes, labs, admissions, medications, vital signs, and socioenvironmental variables were used to model risk for ED presentation or hospital admission within 90 days following a cardiology clinic visit. Model training and testing were performed with a 70:30 data split. The final model was then prospectively validated.ResultsA total of 9326 patients and 46 465 clinic visits were analyzed. A decision tree model using 75 patient characteristics achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.75 and a logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.73. A simplified 9‐feature model based on logistic regression odds ratios achieved an AUC of 0.72. A further simplified numerical score assigning 1 or 2 points to each variable achieved an AUC of 0.66, specificity of 0.75, and sensitivity of 0.58. Prospectively, this final model maintained its predictive performance (AUC 0.63–0.60).ConclusionNine patient characteristics from routine EHR data can be used to inform a highly specific model for hospital admission or ED presentation in cardiac patients. This model can be simplified to a risk score that is easily calculated and retains predictive performance.